PSU
The power supply, and the part most often undersized.
The power supply unit converts mains electricity into what the board and cards use. Its rating is the continuous load it can hold, and an efficiency badge such as 80 Plus describes how much is lost as heat.
Sizing it for the peak rather than the average is the point: cards spike well above their rated draw for short moments, and a supply run at its limit is the classic cause of a rig that reboots under load.
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